An electronic document usable for translations or adaptations of patents and applications is shown. It may include two or more documents:

a. The full text of each disclosure. Each sentence, and each formula in each disclosure/document is uniquely numbered so it can be uniquely addressed. text from original disclosure TOD, ie a national application text from 2nd original disclosure TOD2, ie a PCT application text from document TOD3, ie national stage from PCT, translated.

b. Operations performed to get to one text from another; change operations performed COP; This may include instructions such as "To form 8211, insert (text...) after sentence No. 165 in 8111; delete sentence No. 188; replace sentence No. 199 with (text...); formula 565 in 8111 is replaced with formula 3491 in 8211..".

"To form 8311 from 8211, replace each sentence in 8211 with its equivalent translation which has the same number in 8311, except the following: Sentence 132 in 8211 is deleted; new sentence 3287 to insert after sentence 326 in 8211; sentences 324-345 in 8211 are moved to after sentence 657 in 8311 ... " .

This allows a precise tracing of each and all the sentences in the translated file 8311, for easy checking of any of them. Important to sample-check complicated translations, ie into/from Chinese. In another embodiment, each paragraph and formula is uniquely numbered.

c. Inventors and documents-related info IDRIS

d. Cyclic redundancy code CRC

e. Digital signature DIS